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Battle of Halidon Hill
The Battle of Halidon Hill (19 July 1333) was fought during the Second War of Scottish Independence. Scottish forces under Sir Archibald Douglas were heavily defeated by the English forces of King Edward III of England on unfavourable terrain while trying to relieve Berwick-upon-Tweed.
==The Disinherited==
Ever since the death of John Comyn at the hands of Robert Bruce and his supporters in 1306, the Wars of Scottish Independence had also been a civil war. The Treaty of Northampton in 1328 brought an end to over thirty years of intermittent warfare between England and Scotland; but it also left a large and discontented party of Scots and Anglo-Normans, men with Balliol and Comyn associations, who had lost lands and property in Scotland.
In 1332 under the leadership of Edward Balliol, son and heir of King John Balliol, and Henry Beaumont, 4th Earl of Buchan, these men invaded Scotland with the tacit support of Edward III, defeating the Bruce loyalists at the Battle of Dupplin Moor. Building on this success Balliol was crowned King of Scotland.〔Lanercost, pp.268-272〕 However, with very limited support in his new realm, he was ambushed at Annan a few months later by supporters of David II, led by Sir Archibald Douglas, the Earl of Moray and the Steward. Balliol fled to England half-dressed.〔Wyntoun book VIII, Chap. XXVI, Vol II, p.395〕〔Lanercost, pp.274-275〕 He appealed to King Edward for assistance, having already promised to cede to him all of the counties of south-east Scotland in return. Edward dropped all pretence of neutrality, recognised Balliol as King of Scotland and made ready for war.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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